徐宝丽,管甲亮,术超,于涛,骆锋,曹学雷,王永彬,周长勇

• 1:青岛大学附属医院急诊内科
• 2:青岛大学附属医院检验科

摘要(Abstract)：

冠状病毒是一个常见而又古老的病毒大家系,近年来多次在人群中暴发流行,分别有2003年引起严重急性呼吸综合征的严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒(SARS-CoV)、2004年和2005年分别被发现的人冠状病毒NL63(HCoV-NL63)和人冠状病毒HKU1(HCoV-HKU1)、2012年发现的中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒(MERS-CoV),及2019年12月在我国流行的新型冠状病毒(2019-nCoV),目前国际病毒分类委员会已正式命名该病毒为SARS-CoV-2。冠状病毒广泛存在蝙蝠体内,但在鸟、猫、犬、猪、鼠、马、鲸鱼、穿山甲和人类也有发现,此病毒多次暴发流行引起了各界人士的关注,其所致疾病引起了严重恐慌,研究其病原学,可有助于掌握引起流行原因,及时控制病毒蔓延,并致力于阻止病毒的肆虐。

关键词(KeyWords)： 冠状病毒;新型冠状病毒;新型冠状病毒肺炎

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation):

作者(Author): 徐宝丽,管甲亮,术超,于涛,骆锋,曹学雷,王永彬,周长勇

参考文献(References)：

• [1] 张济,耿兴义,曹若明,等.全球新型冠状病毒感染的研究进展[J].山东大学学报(医学版),2013,51(4):108-112.
• [2] 钱艺,谢正德.四种人新型冠状病毒的研究进展[J].中华传染病杂志,2014(32):576.
• [3] 黄平,俞守义.人类冠状病毒与SARS-CoV[J].中国预防医学杂志,2005,(6):552-555.
• [4] 沈军,俞蕙,朱启镕.人冠状病毒与人类呼吸道感染[J].中国循证儿科杂志,2013,8(2):154-159.
• [5] Cavanagh D.Coronavirus avian infectious bronchitis virus[J].Vet Res,2007,38(2):281-297.
• [6] Ismail MM,Tang AY,Saif YM.Pathogenicity of turkey coronavirus in turkeys and chickens[J].Avian Dis,2003,47(3):515-522.
• [7] 国家卫生健康委办公厅.关于印发新型冠状病毒肺炎防控方案(第四版)的通知疾病预防控制局国卫办疾控函[2020]109号[EB/OL].(2020-02-06)[2020-02-14] http://www.nhc.gov.cn/jkj/s3577/202002/573340613ab243b3a7f61df260551dd4.shtml.
• [8] Tan YJ,Lim SG,Hong W.Understanding the accessory viral proteins unique to the severe acute respiratory syndrome(SARS) coronavirus[J].Antiviral Res,2006,72(2):78-88.
• [9] 韩剑峰,秦鄂德.SARS-CoV细胞受体的研究进展[J].军事医学科学院院刊,2007,(1):74-77.
• [10] Zhu X,Liu Q,Du L,et al.Receptor-binding domain as a target for developing SARS vaccines[J].J Thorac Dis,2013,5 Suppl 2:S142-8.
• [11] 罗会明,何剑峰,汤洪伟.SARS的流行病学特征[J].华南预防医学,2004,30(1):61-64.
• [12] Drosten C,Gunther S,Preiser W,et al.Identification of a novel coronavirus in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome[J].N Engl J Med,2003,348(20):1967-1976.
• [13] 谢正德,魏新苗,胡英慧,等.儿童SARS临床特征和远期随访观察[J].中国实用儿科杂志,2006,21(11):822-825.
• [14] 纪晓光,赵艳红,张敏,等.α-干扰素和γ-干扰素以及联合作用体外抗SARS-CoV试验研究[J].解放军药学学报,2008,24(3):268-269.
• [15] Carbajo-Lozoya J,Muller MA,Kallies S,et al.Replication of human coronaviruses SARS-CoV,HCoV-NL63 and HCoV-229E is inhibited by the drug FK506[J].Virus Res,2012,165(1):112-117.
• [16] Ge XY,Li JL,Yang XL,et al.Isolation and characterization of a bat SARS-like coronavirus that uses the ACE2 receptor[J].Nature,2013,503(7477):535-538.
• [17] Fielding BC.Human coronavirus NL63:a clinically important virus[J]Future Microbiol,2011,6(2):153-159.
• [18] Xin C,Yong ZZ,Yan L,et al.Human coronavirus NL63 in hospitalized children with respiratory infection:a 2-year study from Chongqing,China[J].Indian Pediatr,2012,49(10):825-828.
• [19] van der Hoek L,Sure K,Ihorst G,et al.Croup is associated with the novel coronavirus NL63[J].PLoS Med,2005,2(8):e240.
• [20] Dominguez SR,Robinson CC,Holmes KV.Detection of four human coronaviruses in respiratory infections in children:a one-year study in Colorado[J].J Med Virol,2009,81(9):1597-1604.
• [21] Kristoffersen AW,Nordbo SA,Rognlien AG,et al.Coronavirus causes lower respiratory tract infections less frequently than RSV in hospitalizedNorwegian children[J].Pediatr Infect Dis J,2011,30(4):279-283.
• [22] Leung TF,Chan PK,Wong WK,et al.Human coronavirus NL63 in children:epidemiology,disease spectrum,and genetic diversity[J].Hong Kong Med J.2012,18(Suppl 2):27-30.
• [23] Debiaggi M,Canducci F,Ceresola ER,et al.The role of infections and coinfections with newly identified and emerging respiratory viruses in children[J].Virol J,2012,9:247.
• [24] Woo PC,Lau SK,Yip CC,et al.More and more coronaviruses:human coronavirus HKU1[J].Viruses,2009,1(1):57-71.
• [25] Woo PC,Wong BH,Huang Y,et al.Cytosine deamination and selection of CpG suppressed clones are the two major independentbiological forces that shape codon usage bias in coronaviruses[J].Virology,2007,369(2):431-442.
• [26] Szczawinska-Poplonyk A,Jonczyk-Potoczna K,Breborowicz A,et al.Fatal respiratory distress syndrome due to coronavirus infection in a child with severe combined immunodeficiency[J].Influenza Other Respir Viruses,2013,7(5):634-636.
• [27] Woo PC,Yuen KY,Lau SK.Epidemiology of coronavirus-associated respiratory tract infections and the role of rapiddiagnostic tests:a prospective study[J].Hong Kong Med J,2012,18(Suppl 2):22-24.
• [28] 段昭君,谭文杰,鲁凤民.中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒感染[J].中国病毒病杂志,2013,3(4):245-249.
• [29] van Doremalen N,Bushmaker T,Munster VJ.Stability of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus(MERS-CoV) under different environmental conditions[J].Euro Surveill,2013,18(38).pii:20590.
• [30] Raj VS,Mou H,Smits SL,et al.Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 is a functional receptor for the emerging human coronavirus-EMC[J].Nature,2013,495(7440):251-254.
• [31] Lu G,Hu Y,Wang Q,et al.Molecular basis of binding between novel human coronavirus MERS-CoV and its receptor CD26[J].Nature,2013,500(7461):227-231.
• [32] Alagaili AN,Briese T,Mishra N,et al.Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection in dromedary camels in Saudi Arabia[J].mBio,2014,5(2):e00884-14.
• [33] Assiri A,Al-Tawfiq JA,Al-Rabeeah AA,et al.Epidemiological,demographic,and clinical characteristics of 47 cases of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus disease from Saudi Arabia:a descriptive study[J].Lancet Infect Dis,2013,13(9):752-761.
• [34] Al-Tawfiq JA,Assiri A,Memish ZA.Middle East respiratory syndrome novel corona MERS-CoV infection.Epidemiology and outcome update[J].Saudi Med J2013,34(10):991-994.
• [35] Falzarano D,de Wit E,Rasmussen AL,et al.Treatment with interferon-α2b and ribavirin improves outcome in MERS-CoV-infected rhesus macaques[J].Nat Med,2013,19(10):1313-1317.
• [36] Ying T,Du L,Ju TW,et al.Exceptionally potent neutralization of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus by humanmonoclonal antibodies[J].J Virol,2014,88(14):7796-7805.
• [37] Lu R,Zhao X,Li J,et al.Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus:implications for virusorigins and receptor binding[J].Lancet,2020,pii:S0140-6736(20)30251-30258.
• [38] Zhou P,Yang XL,Wang XG,et al.A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin[J].Nature,2020.
• [39] 国家卫生健康委办公厅,国家中医药管理局办公室.新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎诊疗方案(试行第三版)[EB/OL].(2020-01-26)[2020-02-14]http://www.nhc.gov.cn/yzygj/s7653p/202001/f492c9153ea9437bb587ce2ffcbee1fa.shtml.
• [40] Lu R,Zhao X,Li J,et al.Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus:implications for virusorigins and receptor binding[J].Lancet,2020,pii:S0140-6736(20)30251-30258.
• [41] Hamming I,Timens W,Bulthuis ML,et al.Tissue distribution of ACE2 protein,the functional receptor for SARS coronavirus.A first step in understanding SARS pathogenesis[J].J Pathol,2004,203(2):631-637.
• [42] To KF,Lo AW.Exploring the pathogenesis of severe acute respiratory syndrome(SARS):the tissue distributionof the coronavirus(SARS-CoV) and its putative receptor,angiotensin-converting enzyme 2(ACE2)[J].J Pathol,2004,203(3):740-743.
• [43] 国家卫生健康委办公厅《关于印发新型冠状病毒感染肺炎诊疗方案(试行第五版)的通知》[EB/OL].(2020-02-04)[2020-02-14]http://www.nhc.gov.cn/wjw/gfxwjj/list.shtml.
• [44] Huang C,Wang Y,Li X,et al.Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan,China[J].Lancet,2020,pii:S0140-6736(20)30183-30185.
• [45] 周春霞,孙婧,徐凤琴,等.流感病毒性肺炎治疗研究进展[J].中华医院感染学杂志,2020,30(2):302-307.
• [46] 魏秋华,任哲.2019新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎疫源地消毒措施[J/OL].中国消毒学杂志,2020(01):1-4[2020-02-18].http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/11.2672.R.20200129.1824.002.html.
• [47] Chen N,Zhou M,Dong X,et al.Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan,China:a descriptive study[J].Lancet,2020,pii:S0140-6736(20)30211-30217.
• [48] 张文宏.恐慌与激情过后:以理性与科学抗击新型冠状病毒[J].微生物与感染,2020,15(1):1-4.
• [49] Wang C,Horby PW,Hayden FG,et al.A novel coronavirus outbreak of global health concern[J].Lancet,2020,pii:S0140-6736(20)30185-30189.
• [50] Swerdlow DL,Mintz ED,Rodriguez M,et al.Waterborne transmission of epidemic cholera in Trujillo,Peru:lessons for a continent at risk[J].Lancet,1992,340(8810):28-33.