“长新冠”综合征的研究进展Advances in “Long COVID” syndrome
鲁杨,陈琳,顾吉娜,杨小燕
摘要(Abstract):
新冠病毒已在世界范围内迅速传播,并感染了全球数以亿计的人口。随着对疾病的了解增加,对由此所造成的并发症、后遗症的认识也在不断加强,暂且将此类并发症与后遗症统称为“长新冠”综合征。和新冠肺炎急性感染期相似,“长新冠”综合征也存在着异质性。本文就“长新冠”造成的多个器官系统中观察到的各种长期并发症与后遗症进行综述,意在提高人们对于“长新冠”患者的重视,以使其获得更好的生存质量。
关键词(KeyWords): 新型冠状病毒;新冠肺炎;“长新冠”综合征;并发症;后遗症
基金项目(Foundation):
作者(Author): 鲁杨,陈琳,顾吉娜,杨小燕
参考文献(References):
- [1] Akbarialiabad H,Taghrir MH,Abdollahi A,et al.Long COVID,a comprehensive systematic scoping review[J].Infection,2021,49(6):1163-1186.
- [2] Soriano JB,Murthy S,Marshall JC,et al.A clinical case definition of post-COVID-19 condition by a Delphi consensus[J].Lancet Infect Dis,2022,22(4):e102-e107.
- [3] Carfì A,Bernabei R,Landi F,et al.Persistent symptoms in patients after acute COVID-19[J].JAMA,2020,324(6):603-605.
- [4] Mahase E.COVID-19:what do we know about “long COVID”?[J].BMJ,2020,370:m2815.
- [5] Sykes DL,Holdsworth L,Jawad N,et al.Post-COVID-19 symptom burden:what is long-COVID and how should we manage it?[J].Lung,2021,199(2):113-119.
- [6] Ngai JC,Ko FW,Ng SS,et al.The long-term impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome on pulmonary function,exercise capacity and health status[J].Respirology,2010,15(3):543-550.
- [7] Hosseiny M,Kooraki S,Gholamrezanezhad A,et al.Radiology perspective of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19):lessons from severe acute respiratory syndrome and middle east respiratory syndrome[J].AJR Am J Roentgenol,2020,214(5):1078-1082.
- [8] Mendelson M,Nel J,Blumberg L,et al.Long-COVID:an evolving problem with an extensive impact[J].S Afr Med J,2020,111(1):10-12.
- [9] Carfì A,Bernabei R,Landi F,et al.Persistent symptoms in patients after acute COVID-19[J].JAMA,2020,324(6):603-605.
- [10] Augustin M,Schommers P,Stecher M,et al.Post-COVID syndrome in non-hospitalised patients with COVID-19:a longitudinal prospective cohort study[J].Lancet Reg Health Eur,2021,6:100122.
- [11] Caňas CA.The triggering of post-COVID-19 autoimmunity phenomena could be associated with both transient immunosuppression and an inappropriate form of immune reconstitution in susceptible individuals[J].Med Hypotheses,2020,145:110345.
- [12] Carrillo-Larco RM,Altez-Fernandez C,Ravaglia S,et al.COVID-19 and Guillain-Barre Syndrome:a systematic review of case reports[J].Wellcome Open Res,2020,5:107.
- [13] Dhanalakshmi K,Venkataraman A,Balasubramanian S,et al.Epidemiological and clinical profile of pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome - temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2 (PIMS-TS) in Indian children[J].Indian Pediatr,2020,57(11):1010-1014.
- [14] Ferri C,Giuggioli D,Raimondo V,et al.COVID-19 and rheumatic autoimmune systemic diseases:report of a large Italian patients series[J].Clin Rheumatol,2020,39(11):3195-3204.
- [15] Pablos JL,Galindo M,Carmona L,et al.Clinical outcomes of hospitalised patients with COVID-19 and chronic inflammatory and autoimmune rheumatic diseases:a multicentric matched cohort study[J].Ann Rheum Dis,2020,79(12):1544-1549.
- [16] Haberman RH,Castillo R,Chen AL,et al.COVID-19 in patients with inflammatory arthritis:a prospective study on the effects of comorbidities and disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs on clinical outcomes[J].Arthritis Rheumatol,2020,72(12):1981-1989.
- [17] Hassen LM,Almaghlouth IA,Hassen IM,et al.Impact of COVID-19 outbreak on rheumatic patients' perceptions and behaviors:a cross-sectional study[J].Int J Rheum Dis,2020,23(11):1541-1549.
- [18] Helms J,Tacquard C,Severac F,et al.High risk of thrombosis in patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection:a multicenter prospective cohort study[J].Intensive Care Med,2020,46(6):1089-1098.
- [19] Hadid T,Kafri Z,Al-Katib A.Coagulation and anticoagulation in COVID-19[J].Blood Rev,2021,47:100761.
- [20] INSPIRATION Investigators,Sadeghipour P,Talasaz AH,et al.Effect of intermediate-dose vs standard-dose prophylactic anticoagulation on thrombotic events,extracorporeal membrane oxygenation treatment,or mortality among patients with COVID-19 admitted to the intensive care unit:the INSPIRATION randomized clinical trial[J].JAMA,2021,325(16):1620-1630.
- [21] Al-Samkari H,Karp Leaf RS,Dzik WH,et al.COVID-19 and coagulation:bleeding and thrombotic manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection[J].Blood,2020,136(4):489-500.
- [22] Roberts LN,Whyte MB,Georgiou L,et al.Postdischarge venous thromboembolism following hospital admission with COVID-19[J].Blood,2020,136(11):1347-1350.
- [23] Salisbury R,Iotchkova V,Jaafar S,et al.Incidence of symptomatic,image-confirmed venous thromboembolism following hospitalization for COVID-19 with 90-day follow-up[J].Blood Adv,2020,4(24):6230-6239.
- [24] Giannis D,Allen SL,Tsang J,et al.Postdischarge thromboembolic outcomes and mortality of hospitalized patients with COVID-19:the CORE-19 registry[J].Blood,2021,137(20):2838-2847.
- [25] Hull RD,Schellong SM,Tapson VF,et al.Extended-duration venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in acutely ill medical patients with recently reduced mobility:a randomized trial[J].Ann Intern Med,2010,153(1):8-18.
- [26] Chopra V,Flanders SA,O'Malley M,et al.Sixty-Day Outcomes Among Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19[J].Ann Intern Med,2021,174(4):576-578.
- [27] Martin-Villares C,Perez Molina-Ramirez C,Bartolome-Benito M,et al.Outcome of 1890 tracheostomies for critical COVID-19 patients:a national cohort study in Spain[J].Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol,2021,278(5):1605-1612.
- [28] Zhao YM,Shang YM,Song WB,et al.Follow-up study of the pulmonary function and related physiological characteristics of COVID-19 survivors three months after recovery[J].EClinicalMedicine,2020,25:100463.
- [29] Salem AM,Al Khathlan N,Alharbi AF,et al.The long-term impact of COVID-19 pneumonia on the pulmonary function of survivors[J].Int J Gen Med,2021,14:3271-3280.
- [30] Balbi M,Conti C,Imeri G,et al.Post-discharge chest CT findings and pulmonary function tests in severe COVID-19 patients[J].Eur J Radiol,2021,138:109676.
- [31] McDonald LT.Healing after COVID-19:are survivors at risk for pulmonary fibrosis?[J].Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol,2021,320(2):L257-L265.
- [32] Raj SR,Arnold AC,Barboi A,et al.Long-COVID postural tachycardia syndrome:an American autonomic society statement[J].Clin Auton Res,2021,31(3):365-368.
- [33] Dweck MR,Bularga A,Hahn RT,et al.Global evaluation of echocardiography in patients with COVID-19[J].Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging,2020,21(9):949-958.
- [34] Puntmann VO,Carerj ML,Wieters I,et al.Outcomes of cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging in patients recently recovered from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)[J].JAMA Cardiol,2020,5(11):1265-1273.
- [35] Shang J,Ye G,Shi K,et al.Structural basis of receptor recognition by SARS-CoV-2[J].Nature,2020,581(7807):221-224.
- [36] Zou X,Chen K,Zou JW,et al.Single-cell RNA-seq data analysis on the receptor ACE2 expression reveals the potential risk of different human organs vulnerable to 2019-nCoV infection[J].Front Med,2020,14(2):185-192.
- [37] Lindner D,Fitzek A,Br?uninger H,et al.Association of cardiac infection with SARS-CoV-2 in confirmed COVID-19 autopsy cases[J].JAMA Cardiol,2020,5(11):1281-1285.
- [38] Aiyegbusi OL,Hughes SE,Turner G,et al.Symptoms,complications and management of long COVID:a review[J].J R Soc Med,2021,114(9):428-442.
- [39] Xu Y,Li XF,Zhu B,et al.Characteristics of pediatric SARS-CoV-2 infection and potential evidence for persistent fecal viral shedding[J].Nat Med,2020,26(4):502-505.
- [40] Zuo T,Zhang F,Lui GCY,et al.Alterations in gut microbiota of patients with COVID-19 during time of hospitalization[J].Gastroenterology,2020,159(3):944-955.e8.
- [41] Kanmaniraja D,Kurian J,Holder J,et al.Review of COVID-19,part 1:abdominal manifestations in adults and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children[J].Clin Imaging,2021,80:88-110.
- [42] An YW,Song S,Li WX,et al.Liver function recovery of COVID-19 patients after discharge,a follow-up study[J].Int J Med Sci,2021,18(1):176-186.
- [43] Fabrizi F,Alfieri CM,Cerutti R,et al.COVID-19 and acute kidney injury:a systematic review and meta-analysis[J].Pathogens,2020,9(12):1052.
- [44] Velez JCQ,Caza T,Larsen CP.COVAN is the new HIVAN:the re-emergence of collapsing glomerulopathy with COVID-19[J].Nat Rev Nephrol,2020,16(10):565-567.
- [45] Chan LL,Chaudhary K,Saha A,et al.AKI in hospitalized patients with COVID-19[J].J Am Soc Nephrol,2021,32(1):151-160.
- [46] Huang CL,Huang LX,Wang YM,et al.6-month consequences of COVID-19 in patients discharged from hospital:a cohort study[J].Lancet,2021,397(10270):220-232.
- [47] Abdullahi A,Candan SA,Abba MA,et al.Neurological and musculoskeletal features of COVID-19:a systematic review and meta-analysis[J].Front Neurol,2020,11:687.
- [48] Li MY,Li L,Zhang Y,et al.Expression of the SARS-CoV-2 cell receptor gene ACE2 in a wide variety of human tissues[J].Infect Dis Poverty,2020,9(1):45.
- [49] Zacharias H,Dubey S,Koduri G,et al.Rheumatological complications of covid 19[J].Autoimmun Rev,2021,20(9):102883.
- [50] Piotrowicz K,Gasowski J,Michel JP,et al.Post-COVID-19 acute sarcopenia:physiopathology and management[J].Aging Clin Exp Res,2021,33(10):2887-2898.
- [51] Fan E,Dowdy DW,Colantuoni E,et al.Physical complications in acute lung injury survivors:a two-year longitudinal prospective study[J].Crit Care Med,2014,42(4):849-859.
- [52] Sachdeva M,Gianotti R,Shah M,et al.Cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19:report of three cases and a review of literature[J].J Dermatol Sci,2020,98(2):75-81.
- [53] Mirza FN,Malik AA,Omer SB,et al.Dermatologic manifestations of COVID-19:a comprehensive systematic review[J].Int J Dermatol,2021,60(4):418-450.
- [54] Garrigues E,Janvier P,Kherabi Y,et al.Post-discharge persistent symptoms and health-related quality of life after hospitalization for COVID-19[J].J Infect,2020,81(6):e4-e6.
- [55] Killion L,Beatty PE,Salim A.Rare cutaneous manifestation of COVID-19[J].BMJ Case Rep,2021,14(1):e240863.
- [56] Mikkelsen ME,Christie JD,Lanken PN,et al.The adult respiratory distress syndrome cognitive outcomes study:long-term neuropsychological function in survivors of acute lung injury[J].Am J Respir Crit Care Med,2012,185(12):1307-1315.
- [57] Mazza MG,de Lorenzo R,Conte C,et al.Anxiety and depression in COVID-19 survivors:role of inflammatory and clinical predictors[J].Brain Behav Immun,2020,89:594-600.
- [58] Taquet M,Luciano S,Geddes JR,et al.Bidirectional associations between COVID-19 and psychiatric disorder:retrospective cohort studies of 62 354 COVID-19 cases in the USA[J].Lancet Psychiatry,2021,8(2):130-140.